2014年7月21日星期一

LED Lighting Transformer Information

LED Lighting Transformer Information

A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a lighting system that has been around since the 1960s. LEDs are small in size, but can be grouped together to create large amounts of light. All LEDs require a transformer, which regulates the flow of electricity into the lighting system from the power source

What is a Transformer?
A transformer is made from two coils of wound wire that are connected so that one of the coils will send electricity to the other. One of these coils, the primary coil, is connected to the electrical power source, and it sends electricity to the other, called the primary voltage. The way in which the two coils are connected decides the level of voltage in the second coil. The transformer can either increase or decrease the level of voltage running into it. The turns ratio is the measure of this change.

There are several different types of transformers. However, almost all LED lights work with magnetic transformers, due to their reliability. It is not recommended to use any other type.

LEDs
LED lights are made out of small, 1/4 inch-wide diodes. For larger lights, many small ones are grouped together. Conventional light works by heating up a metal filament inside the light until it glows with heat. LEDs do not heat up a filament, and therefore light up without giving off very much heat, making them an excellent option for lighting systems in which heat is a concern. They are also much more energy-efficient that standard lighting systems.

LED lighting comes in two different types: mains voltage LED and low voltage LED. Mains voltage LEDs are quite simple and can be connected to conventional lights. However, low voltage LEDS require a transformer.




Other Types of Transformers
Larger LED transformers for products such as garden lights come in two forms. They are either box-shaped or toroidal (donut-shaped). They can be placed anywhere that is convenient. They come in black weather-proof boxes and can be placed on buildings, fences, or walls and under decks or even manholes.

If you cannot find a place to hide your transformer above ground, you can buy a Ground Burial Transformer, especially designed to be buried but still protected. It are specially built so that no moisture can get into the transformer. This process is called resin sealing, and it protects the transformer from dangers such as seepage or condensation.

Uses of LEDs
Once you have the proper transformer for your LED, you can use it for a wide variety of both indoor and outdoor lighting tasks.

Indoors, LEDs can be used anywhere in any way you might desire, including staircases, hallways, living rooms, kitchens, nurseries and bathrooms.

Outdoors, LED lights are widely used for gardens, decks, patios and driveways.




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    How Do LED Lights Work?

    How Do LED Lights Work?

    What are LED Lights?
    LED stands for "light-emitting diode." LED lights are extremely small semiconductor diodes that are capable of creating light. The light that is created by any given LED can be of any color and can even be ultraviolet or infrared. The light that is created by an LED light depends on the material that is used to make the semiconductor and the current that is run though it. There are many different types of LEDs, including miniature ones, as well as high-powered LEDs and multicolor variations.

    How Do LED Lights Work?
    LED lights work very similarly to standard light bulbs except for the fact that LEDs are much smaller and contain no filament. Instead of a filament, an LED creates light using nothing but the movement of electricity along the path of its semiconductor. As the electrons stream across the semiconductor, they create electromagnetic radiation. Some forms of this electromagnetic radiation can take the form of visible light, which humans can perceive via sight.

    What Are LED Lights Used For?
    There is an almost inexhaustible supply of applications for LED lights, some of which have already been realized and others that are currently being implemented. Within the world of electronics LED lights are used in traffic lights, screen displays, computers, brake lights and any other application which requires a bright, inexpensive and long-lasting light. They also are used in the burgeoning field of photonic textiles and as a source of light in places where high temperatures cannot be tolerated. Indeed, LED lights are one of the most important technologies in contemporary electronic products and many such products would be impossible without them.




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    How to Change the Color of the LED Light on Blackberry 9700

    How to Change the Color of the LED Light on Blackberry 9700

    BlackBerry Bold smart phones allow many additional features and user adjustments to personalize your experience. One such feature is the changing of colors of the phone's front LED light. You may not change the LED of the phone manually, but there are different programs that will allow you to assign colors to contacts. This way, when somebody calls your Bold 9700 or sends you a text message, the assigned color will light up on the LED, making it easy to see who is contacting you.


    Instructions
    1
    Press the "Berry" button on your BlackBerry Bold to open the main menu. Click "BlackBerry App World."

    2
    Click "Search." Type in "LED" and click "Search" again. A selection of different paid and free programs will come up. As of December 2010, the most popular program is BeBuzz. The free version only allows you to assign colors to a limited number of contacts (three), whereas the paid version for $5.99 has no restrictions and allows custom LED colors as well.




    Click "Download" and allow your BlackBerry to download the program. Once this process is complete, you will find the program in the "Downloads" folder. Press the "Berry" button again and select "Downloads" to find it.

    4
    Click "BeBuzz" and scroll through the license agreement. Click "I Accept" to accept the regulations of the program and open it.

    5
    Click "Contact LEDs" and select the contact you wish to assign an LED color to.

    6
    Scroll through the selection of LED colors. You may select any solid color, such as green, yellow, red, pink or white, or one of the BeBuzz color sequences, such as Disco Wave or Disco Police which, will rotate through different colors at various frequencies. Select the color you wish to assign to the contact and click "OK." Repeat this for an unlimited number of contacts using the paid version of BeBuzz, or up to three contacts with the free version.




    Tips & Warnings
    Assign dissimilar colors for contacts who frequently call or message you. This will make differentiating between them much easier than, for instance, assigning "yellow" to one and "bright yellow" to another.

    Choose another LED changing program such as "Who Is It?" or "Color ID" if you wish to assign colors to more than three contacts for free. This, however, will not allow you to create custom LED colors.


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    2011年6月23日星期四

    Republicans walk out of budget talks over taxes

    (Reuters) - Republicans walked out of budget talks on Thursday, setting up a showdown between President Barack Obama and House Speaker John Boehner over how to extend U.S. borrowing and avoid a looming debt default.
    Vice President Joe Biden and a handful of lawmakers had been working on a budget-cutting deal that would allow Congress to sign off on continued borrowing, but Republicans quit unexpectedly after saying the group had reached an impasse over tax increases sought by Democrats.
    "It is time for the president to speak clearly and resolve the tax issue," said House Majority Leader Eric Cantor, who had represented House Republicans in the talks. Republican Senator Jon Kyl also pulled out.
    An agreement would give lawmakers political cover to raise the $14.3 trillion debt ceiling before August 2, when the Treasury Department has said it will run out of money to pay the country's bills.
    Default could occur if Congress does not act by then, which could push the United States back into recession and send markets plunging around the globe.
    Obama will now probably have to wholesale cellphone hammer out a deal with Boehner, the top Republican in Washington, and Senate Democratic Leader Harry Reid -- the same trio that took the government to the brink of a shutdown in an earlier budget battle this spring.
    "I think it's in the hands of the speaker and the president, and sadly, probably me," Reid said at a news conference. No initial meeting has been set, he said.
    Biden said his group has always intended to hand the baton to Obama and Boehner.
    "The next phase is in the hands of those leaders, who need to determine the scope of an agreement that can tackle the problem and attract bipartisan support," he said in a statement.
    Boehner said talks could resume if Democrats took tax hikes off the table, but they showed no sign of backing off.
    So far, the possibility of default has not affected bond markets as investors focus on other news and assume Washington will ultimately strike a deal -- probably at the last minute.
    "This is going to look ugly for the next few weeks," said Greg Valliere, a political analyst for investors at Potomac Research Group.
    DEAL NOT NECESSARILY OUT OF REACH
    Obama and Boehner have tried to establish a personal rapport since this spring's budget battle. The two golfed together on Saturday and met at the White House on Wednesday.
    Cantor, who was building a similar bond with Biden, gave no indication after Wednesday's session that talks had hit a wall.
    His withdrawal caught Democrats by surprise, coming as Obama met with House Democratic leaders at the White House before the afternoon's scheduled negotiating session.
    "It appears that Cantor has obviously had enough of these negotiations and Kyl followed suit, but there has been progress made. It's not as if nothing has happened," Reid said.
    Negotiators had reached tentative agreement on more than $2 trillion in cuts covering wide swaths of the federal budget, according to an aide familiar with the talks, affecting health programs, annual spending, benefits like farm subsidies and tuition aid, and automatic limits on future spending.
    But Democrats would not relent on taxes, the aide said.
    Republicans have said from the outset that any tax increases will not pass the House. Democrats saw an opening, though, after many Senate Republicans supported a move to repeal a tax break for ethanol last week over the objections of anti-tax activists.
    In recent sessions, Democrats had pressed to close a wide range of tax breaks, from oil and gas subsidies to breaks that benefit wealthy individuals.
    REPUBLICANS MAY NOT HAVE THE VOTES
    Republicans may not have enough votes to pass a deal through the House in any case, as many newly elected conservatives feel little urge to compromise.
    That means Boehner may have to rely on Democratic votes, and Democrats will insist that tax increases be part of the deal, one lawmaker said.
    "I think we walk away unless there's some revenue raisers," Democratic Representative Allyson Schwartz said at a breakfast event hosted by Third Way, a centrist think tank.
    Cantor and Boehner may need to allow a debt-ceiling vote to fail before they can craft a compromise, budget expert Stan Collender said. That could provide a jolt to markets akin to the failed bank bailout vote of 2008, which caused the Dow Jones Industrial Average to drop 800 points.
    "There may need to be a negative market reaction to that vote to get Republicans to move from their current position," said Collender, a budget analyst with Qorvis Communications.
    Senate Budget Committee Chairman Kent Conrad warned that those sorts of tactics could lead to hundreds of billions of dollars in additional interest costs for the government to reflect the additional uncertainty of investing in U.S. debt.
    One Democratic aide said Cantor recognized that tax increases would ultimately have to be part of any deal but that he did not want to be the one to say so.
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  • 2011年6月22日星期三

    RIM, You’re Done Here

    Research In Motion is done. They’ll be bought in the next year or so, their products will roll into whoever buys them – Microsoft, most probably – and they’ll go the way of Nokia, Danger, and countless other mobile platforms. They’ll exist independently for a while and then be subsumed. It’s over.
    Here’s why.
    There is no money in “business” phones. Blackberries aren’t status symbols. They’re the real-world equivalent of the thick, heavy IT-department-assigned business laptop. They’re staid, boring, and unwanted but people are used to them and, for email, they are quite capable. But that’s about it.
    But these phones are increasingly getting a drubbing from IT departments who are starting to support more popular devices including, obviously, iOS and Android phones. No one ever got fired for installing a BES, but you can be sure someone will get fired for not supporting WebDAV standards over the next few years.
    You can make lots of money selling hardware to fleet buyers, to be sure. But when those fleet buyers are saving money buy refusing to pay for devices, where do you think consumers are going to go? Back to the same hardware they’ve been saddled with for years?
    Their audience has already moved on. I remember a few years ago I was invited onto MTV (and never invited back) to talk about the “top smartphones.” I think it was 2007. These included a Windows Mobile device, a new Sidekick, and, inexplicably, a Blackberry Curve. The results of a viewer survey had the Sidekick beat out the other devices quite handily but what I couldn’t understand was how the Curve, for all its benefits, could have made it onto the list in the first place. The Sidekick was a lifestyle device and even the WinMo-powered Dash by HTC could be seen as a lifestyle device. But the Curve? Never.
    RIM has an audience, but that audience is shrinking. Arguably they had a good run, but there are plenty of other devices from other manufacturers – Microsoft included – that have much more cachet in terms of general appeal. Even BBM no longer sounds as enticing as it once did, especially in an era of Facetime, Qik, and Hipchat.
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  • 2011年6月21日星期二

    Apple Revolutionizes Video Editing With

    CUPERTINO, California—June 21, 2011—Apple? today announced Final Cut Pro? X, a revolutionary new version of the world’s most popular Pro video editing software which completely reinvents video editing with a Magnetic Timeline that lets you edit on a flexible, trackless canvas; Content Auto-Analysis that categorizes your content upon import by shot type, media and people; and background rendering that allows you to work without interruption. Built on a modern 64-bit architecture, Final Cut Pro X is available from the Mac? App Store? for $299.99.
    “Final Cut Pro X is the biggest advance in Pro video editing since the original Final Cut Pro,” said Philip Schiller, Apple’s senior vice president of Worldwide Product Marketing. “We have shown it to many of the world’s best Pro editors, and their jaws have dropped.”
    “I’m blown away by what Apple has done with Final Cut Pro,” said Angus Wall, Academy Award-winning film editor. “Final Cut Pro X is incredibly modern and fast, but most importantly it lets you focus on telling your story in the most creative way, while it actively manages all of the technical details.”
    At the heart of Final Cut Pro X is the Magnetic Timeline, a trackless approach to editing your footage that lets you add and arrange clips wherever you want them, while other clips instantly slide out of the way. You can use Clip Connections to link primary story clips to other elements like titles and sound effects, so they stay in perfect sync when you move them. You can even combine related story elements into a Compound Clip that can be edited as a single clip. The groundbreaking new Auditions feature lets you swap between a collection of clips to instantly compare alternate takes.
    Content Auto-Analysis scans your media on import and tags your content with useful information. Final Cut Pro X then uses that information to dynamically organize your clips into Smart Collections, so you can easily find the clips you want by close up, medium and wide shots as well as media type and the number of people in the shot. You can also tag parts of clips with Range-based keywords to add custom search criteria to your media.
    Completely rebuilt from the ground up, Final Cut Pro X is a 64-bit app that takes full advantage of the latest Mac hardware and software so you never have to wait for the next edit, even if you’re working with 4K video. Final Cut Pro X uses multi-threaded processing and the GPU on your graphics card for blazing fast background rendering and superb real-time playback performance. Additionally, a ColorSync-managed color pipeline ensures color consistency from import to output. 
    Final Cut Pro X also includes powerful tools for audio editing and color correction, and is complemented by two companion apps, Motion 5 for professional motion graphics and Compressor 4 for advanced media encoding, available from the Mac App Store for $49.99 each.
    Pricing & Availability 
    Final Cut Pro X is available today for $299.99 from the Mac App Store. Motion 5 and Compressor 4 are available today for $49.99 each from the Mac App Store. Full system requirements and more information on Final Cut Pro X can be found at Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and has recently introduced iPad 2 which is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices.

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    2011年6月19日星期日

    Skype Fires Executives, Avoiding Payouts After Microsoft Buyout

    June 19 (Bloomberg) -- Skype Technologies SA, the Internet- calling service being bought by Microsoft Corp., is firing senior executives before the deal closes, a move that reduces the value of their payout, according to three people familiar with the matter.
    Vice Presidents David Gurle, Christopher Dean, Russ Shaw and Don Albert were dismissed from the Luxembourg-based company, said the people, who requested anonymity because the departures aren’t public. Chief Marketing Officer Doug Bewsher and Anne Gillespie, head of human resources, were also fired. Executives Ramu Sunkara and Allyson Campa, from the 2011 Qik purchase, were also let go.
    The timing of the dismissals means stock options will be worth less than if the executives stayed until the closing of the $8.5 billion deal, the people said. When a company gets bought, compensation is often tied to the purchase price, said Neil Sims, a managing director at Boyden, a search firm.
    “All is good if you’re staying with that transition team or you’re packaged out,” said Sims, who is based in San Francisco. “But if you’re eliminated unceremoniously, without a package and without some negotiation, you could certainly lose unvested options.”
    Silver Lake, based in Menlo Park, California, led a $2 billion buyout of a 70 percent stake in Skype from EBay Inc. in 2009. The private equity firm and several Skype directors have actively voiced their opinions on who should be fired, two of the people said.
    Jenny Farrelly, a spokeswoman for Silver Lake, and Frank Shaw, a spokesman for Microsoft, declined to comment.
    ‘Management Changes’
    “Skype, like any other pragmatic organization, constantly assesses its team structure to deliver its users the best products,” said Brian O’Shaughnessy, a Skype spokesman. “As part of a recent internal shift, Skype has made some management changes.”
    Silver Lake hired Chief Executive Officer Tony Bates from Cisco Systems Inc. to replace Josh Silverman last year. Bates has put his stamp on Skype by trying to restore its engineering- centric roots, churning out more features at a faster pace for its 170 million active users. He also streamlined a global management structure that was decentralized and fraught with territorial disputes and slow bureaucracy. The company was headed for an initial public offering before Microsoft agreed to buy it last month.
    Microsoft bought Skype with plans to connect it to Outlook e-mail, Xbox game console, Windows mobile phones and corporate- phone software. Skype offers voice and video calling over the Internet and is primarily used by consumers.
    Gurle joined Skype in January 2010, overseeing its efforts to persuade corporations to adopt Skype. Dean served under Silverman as chief strategy officer, helping forge a partnership with Facebook Inc. Albert oversaw advertising endeavors including a partnership with The Oprah Winfrey Show.
    Six of the departures were previously reported by Skype Journal, a blog that covers the company.
    Skype was founded in 2003 by Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis. The founders sold the company for $2.6 billion in 2005 to San Jose, California-based EBay.

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